Detailed Contents
1. Introduction
2. Starting DigImage
3. Basic Operation
4. Sample Session
5. Command Files
6. Movies
7. Coordinate Systems
8. Warnings, Errors and Crashes
9. Utilities
10. Macros
11. Other Considerations
12. Updates
Appendix A: Menus
Index
This appendix gives a complete listing of all the standard DigImage menus and their structure.
| Logical | Arithmetic | With Carry | |||
| Code | Operation | Code | Operation | Code | Operation |
| 0 | nA | 16 | A | 32 | A + 1 |
| 1 | n(A or B) | 17 | A or B | 33 | (A or B) + 1 |
| 2 | nA and B | 18 | A or nB | 34 | (A or nB) + 1 |
| 3 | 0 | 19 | -1 | 35 | zero |
| 4 | n(A and B) | 20 | A + (A and nB) | 36 | A+
(A and nB)+1 |
| 5 | nB | 21 | (A or B)+
(A and nB) | 37 | (A or B)+ (A and nB)+1 |
| 6 | A xor B | 22 | A - B - 1 | 38 | A - B |
| 7 | A and nB | 23 | (A or nB) - 1 | 39 | A and nB |
| 8 | nA | 24 | A + (A and B) | 40 | A+(A and B)+1 |
| 9 | n(A xor B) | 25 | A + B | 41 | A + B + 1 |
| 10 | B | 26 | (A or nB)+
(A and B) | 42 | (A or nB)+ (A and B)+1 |
| 11 | A and B | 27 | (A and B) - 1 | 43 | A and B |
| 12 | 1 | 28 | A + A | 44 | A + A + 1 |
| 13 | A or nB | 29 | (A or B) + A | 45 | (A or B)+A+1 |
| 14 | A or B | 30 | (A or nB) + A | 46 | (A or nB)+A+1 |
| 15 | A | 31 | A - 1 | 47 | A |
0 Positive image: p <-- p
1 Negative image: p <-- 255 - p
2 Hardware transfer function
L User specified linear mapping
S User specified discrete step
U User specified file
V User specified formula
X Hardware transfer function
H Help on input look up tables
0 Wrap (p <-- p mod 256)
1 Divide by two (p <-- p/2)
2 Zero if A-B negative
3 Square (p <-- p*p)
4 Square Root (p <-- sqrt(p))
5 Invert (p <-- 255-p)
6 Logarithmic - one cycle (p <-- 255*log(p)/log(511))
7 Logarithmic - two cycles (p <-- 255*log(mod(p,256))/log(255))
8 Exponential - one cycle (p <-- 255*exp(p)/exp(511))
9 Exponential - two cycles (ip<-- 255*exp(mod(p,256))/exp(255))
A Absolute value of A-B
B Square of A-B
L Linear - user specified (p <-- a + bp)
S User specified discrete step
U User specified (from a file)
V User specified formula
H Help with result look up tables
B REARRANGE BITS
C COMBINE TO CREATE FULL COLOUR IMAGE
D: CONTINUOUS ALU OPERATIONS
| Logical | Arithmetic | With Carry | |||
| Code | Operation | Code | Operation | Code | Operation |
| 0 | nA | 16 | A | 32 | A + 1 |
| 1 | n(A or B) | 17 | A or B | 33 | (A or B) + 1 |
| 2 | nA and B | 18 | A or nB | 34 | (A or nB) + 1 |
| 3 | 0 | 19 | -1 | 35 | zero |
| 4 | n(A and B) | 20 | A + (A and nB) | 36 | A+
(A and nB)+1 |
| 5 | nB | 21 | (A or B)+
(A and nB) | 37 | (A or B)+ (A and nB)+1 |
| 6 | A xor B | 22 | A - B - 1 | 38 | A - B |
| 7 | A and nB | 23 | (A or nB) - 1 | 39 | A and nB |
| 8 | nA | 24 | A + (A and B) | 40 | A+(A and B)+1 |
| 9 | n(A xor B) | 25 | A + B | 41 | A + B + 1 |
| 10 | B | 26 | (A or nB)+
(A and B) | 42 | (A or nB)+ (A and B)+1 |
| 11 | A and B | 27 | (A and B) - 1 | 43 | A and B |
| 12 | 1 | 28 | A + A | 44 | A + A + 1 |
| 13 | A or nB | 29 | (A or B) + A | 45 | (A or B)+A+1 |
| 14 | A or B | 30 | (A or nB) + A | 46 | (A or nB)+A+1 |
| 15 | A | 31 | A - 1 | 47 | A |
0 Positive image: p <-- p
1 Negative image: p <-- 255 - p
2 Hardware transfer function
L User specified linear mapping
S User specified discrete step
U User specified file
V User specified formula
X Hardware transfer function
H Help on input look up tables
0 Wrap (p <-- p mod 256)
1 Divide by two (p <-- p/2)
2 Zero if A-B negative
3 Square (p <-- p*p)
4 Square Root (p <-- sqrt(p))
5 Invert (p <-- 255-p)
6 Logarithmic - one cycle (p <-- 255*log(p)/log(511))
7 Logarithmic - two cycles (p <-- 255*log(mod(p,256))/log(255))
8 Exponential - one cycle (p <-- 255*exp(p)/exp(511))
9 Exponential - two cycles (ip<-- 255*exp(mod(p,256))/exp(255))
A Absolute value of A-B
B Square of A-B
L Linear - user specified (p <-- a + bp)
S User specified discrete step
U User specified (from a file)
V User specified formula
H Help with result look up tables
G COMBINE RGB BUFFERS TO GIVE GREY-SCALE
I INVERT BUFFER
K USE MASK BUFFER
L: LOGICAL-CONSTANT OPERATIONS
A buffer AND constant
B buffer NAND constant
C NOT(buffer) AND constant
M NOT(buffer) OR constant
N buffer NOR constant
O buffer OR constant
X buffer XOR constant
Y buffer XNOR constant
Z NOT(buffer) XOR constant
M: MATHS-CONSTANT OPERATIONS
A Add constant: i+a
D Divide by constant: i/a
E Exponential: a**i
F Formula: User specified
L Logarithm: a*LOG10(b*i)
M Multiply by constant: a*i
P Power: a*(i**b)
R Reciprocal: a/i
S Subtract constant: i-a
T Subtract from const: a-i
R SET REGION TO CONSTANT
S SET BUFFER TO CONSTANT
Y APPLY HARDWARE TRANSFER FUNCTION TO BUFFER
Z ZOOM & PAN/LOCATE POINTS
C COPY A BUFFER
E ERASE A BUFFER
N EXCHANGE BUFFERS
I DISPLAY INTENSITY SCALE
O: OUTPUT LOOK UP TABLE
0 MONOCHROME - POSITIVE
1 MONOCHROME - NEGATIVE
2 SINGLE CYCLE FALSE COLOUR - CONTINUOU
3 SINGLE CYCLE FALSE COLOUR - DISCRETE
4 PSUEDO-CONTOURS
5 R:8G:64B
6 64R:8G:B
7 8R:8G:B
8 MONO/PSUEDO-CONTOURS
9 CIRCULAR MAPPING
A PAENO MAPPING
B SPECTRUM
C MODIFIED SPECTRUM
D KNUT LUNDE
E ALL COMBINATIONS
F LOW INTENSITY VERSION OF 2
G TRUE COLOUR - PURE
H TRUE COLOUR - SLIGHT DILUTION
I TRUE COLOUR - MEDIUM DILUTION
J PERIODIC COLOUR - WHITE AT 128
K PERIODIC COLOUR - WHITE AT 128
L SINGLE CYCLE, SLIGHTLY WHITENED
M SINGLE CYCLE, MUCH WHITENED
NEXT LUT
PREVIOUS LUT
U USER FILE
I Index of facilities
K: Save/Restore Buffer
R RESTORE BUFFER
S SAVE BUFFER
L LOAD WINDOW FROM FILE
W WRITE WINDOW TO FILE
B LOAD WINDOW FROM .BMP FILE
C SAVE WINDOW TO .BMP FILE
G SAVE AS .GIF IMAGE
X LOAD ALL BUFFERS
Y SAVE ALL BUFFERS
F SAVE AS FORMATTED FILE
M: MOVIES
B CREATE BLANK MOVIE
D DETAILS OF MOVIE
E EXTRACT SINGLE FRAME FROM MOVIE
F EXTRACT SEQUENCE OF FRAMES FROM MOVIE
I INSERT SINGLE FRAME IN MOVIE
M PLAY BACK MOVIE ON COMPUTER MONITOR
P PLAY BACK MOVIE
R RECORD MOVIE - SINGLE PASS
S RECORD MOVIE - MULTIPASS
T RECORD SHORT MOVIE - FAST SINGLE PASS
U RECORD MOVIE USING MASK - SINGLE PASS
L: Length scales, fractals etc.
B BLOBS
C CROSS CORRELATION OF TWO IMAGES
D DENSITY FROM REFRACTIVE INDEX PERTURBATION
F FRACTAL DIMENSION - 2D BOX COUNTING
G FRACTAL DIMENSION - 1D LINE COUNTING
I SCATTER PLOT OF INTENSITIES FOR TWO IMAGES
J FIT CURVE TO SCATTER PLOT
L LINE STATISTICS
M INTENSITY MEANS FOR LINES/COLUMNS
N INTEGRAL MIXING LENGTH SCALE
O MOMENTS OF INTENSITY FOR LINES/COLUMNS
P PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY
S SHIFT TO MINIMISE DIFFERENCES
T TRACK CENTROIDS IN ARRAY OF WINDOWS
M: Miscellaneous tools
E EXTRACT IMAGE FROM DATA FILE
C COPY IMAGE TO BUFFER
D DILATE TO FILL WINDOW
E ENLARGE TO FILL WHOLE SCREEN
F FLIP VERTICALLY
G FLIP HORIZONTALLY
H TRANSPOSE
L LOOK AT IMAGE USING CURSOR
M MANUAL SELECTION OF VIEW POSITION
N SET DIMENSIONS OF IMAGE DATA
T MANUAL SELECTION OF VIEW TIME
X LOOK ALONG X AXIS
Y LOOK ALONG Y AXIS
Z LOOK ALONG Z AXIS
F: FONT DEFINITION
B SET CURRENT OUTPUT BUFFER
C COPY CHARACTER
E ERASE CHARACTER
F: EDIT FONT USING CURSOR
arrow keys and numeric pad
page up/down home/end
delete Move to initial position
5 Move to centre of buffer
C Condense buffer
E Enlarge buffer
S Toggle speed
M Set cursor coordinates manually
T Toggle cursor on/off
V Enable mouse <=> no VTR control
N Start next segment of rubber band
Z Toggle intensity at cursor
O Start new rubber band
P Maintain present zoom and exit
Q Restore previous zoom and exit
R Reset to no zoom and exit
H Help on cursor font editting
G GET CHARACTER FROM ANOTHER BUFFER
I INITIALISE BUFFER FOR CHARACTER CELLS
L LOAD FONT FILE TO BUFFER
R READ EXISTING FONT INTO CELLS
S SAVE BUFFER AS FONT FILE
U UNDO COPY/ERASE
O OUTPUT LOOK UP TABLE DEFINITION
P: Coordinate System Mapping
I: INTENSITIES
A APPLY REFERENCE CONCENTRATION MAPPING TO IMAGE
B APPLY CURRENT INTENSITY MAPPING TO IMAGE
C APPLY CURRENT CONCENTRATION MAPPING TO IMAGE
D DISPLAY MAPPINGS
F FIND INTENSITY AND CONCENTRATION MAPPINGS - DO NOT APPLY
G FIND AND APPLY INTENSITY MAPPING TO IMAGE
H FIND AND APPLY CONCENTRATION MAPPING TO IMAGE
I INITIALISE INTENSITY MAPPING
L LOCATE INTENSITY REFERENCE WINDOWS
M MAPPING FUNCTION FOR PIXEL INTENSITIES
N MAPPING FUNCTION FOR CONCENTRATIONS
T TRANSFER INTENSITIES TO NEW IMAGE
U UPDATE REFERENCE INTENSITIES MANUALLY
V UPDATE REFERENCE CONCENTRATIONS
X SPECIFY HARDWARE TRANSFER FUNCTION
Y APPLY HARDWARE TRANSFER FUNCTION TO BUFFER
P DETERMINE THE COORDINATES OF A POINT
R: REFERENCE POINTS
D DISPLAY PERMANENT REFERENCE POINTS
F FIND CURRENT REFERENCE MAPPING
I INITIALISE PERMANENT REFERENCE POINT COUNTER
L LOCATE PERMANENT REFERENCE POINT
M MAPPING TYPE FOR PERM REF POINTS:
0 Ir = Ip; Jr = Jp'
1 Ir = #(integer) + Ip; Jr = # + Jp'
2 Ir = #(real) + Ip; Jr = # + Jp'
3 Ir = # + #Ip + #Jp; Jr = # + #Ip + #Jp'
4 Ir = # + #Ip + #Jp + #IpJp; Jr = # + #Ip + #Jp + #IpJp'
5 Ir = # + #Ip + #Jp; Jr = # + #Ip + #Jp + #Ip^2 + #IpJp'
R RESTORE PERMANENT REFERENCE POINTS FROM FILE
S SAVE PERMANENT REFERENCE POINTS TO FILE
T TRANSFER CURRENT LOCATIONS TO REFERENCE
W: WORLD COORDINATES
D DISPLAY WORLD COORDINATE MAPPING
I INITIALISE WORLD COORDINATE MAPPING
L LOCATE WORLD COORDINATE POINTS
M: MAPPING FUNCTION
1 a + bx + cy
2 a + bx + cy + dxy
3 a + bx + cy + 0xy + ex^2 + fy^2
4 a + bx + cy + dxy + ex^2 + fy^2
5 a + bx + cy + dxy + ex^2 + fy^2 + gx^2y + hxy^2
6 a + bx + cy + dxy + ex^2 + fx^3
7 a + bx + cy + dxy + ey^2 + fy^3
U User formula: a g(x) + b h(x) + ...
R RESTORE WORLD COORDINATE MAPPING
S SAVE WORLD COORDINATE MAPPING
T TRANSFORM IMAGE USING COORDINATE MAPPING
U SPECIFY LENGTH UNITS
Q Exit DigImage
S: Spatial FFT
1 ONE-DIMENSIONAL FFT AT FULL RESOLUTION
A AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTIONS
P POWER SPECTRA
2 TWO-DIMENSIONAL FFT AT 256X128 RESOLUTION
A AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION (FFT->*CONJUGATE->INV FFT)
B CONVERT FFT TO POWER SPECTRUM
F: FILTER IN WAVE NUMBER DOMAIN
1 Pij/sqrt(i^2+j^2)
2 Pij/(i^2+j^2)
3 Pij/¦i¦
4 Pij/¦j¦
5 Pij/(i^2)
6 Pij/(j^2)
7 High cut filter
8 Low cut filter
U User defined filter
I IMAGINARY PART TO BUFFER
K FFT
L LOAD FFT FILE
O PHASE TO BUFFER
P POWER SPECTRUM TO BUFFER
R REAL PART TO BUFFER
S SAVE FFT FILE
X INVERSE FFT
T: Time Series
A AVERAGE OF TIME SERIES
L TIME SERIES OF LINE AND/OR COLUMN
M: MOVIES
B CREATE BLANK MOVIE
D DETAILS OF MOVIE
E EXTRACT SINGLE FRAME FROM MOVIE
I INSERT SINGLE FRAME IN MOVIE
O PLAY MOVIE ON COMPUTER MONITOR
P PLAY BACK MOVIE
R RECORD MOVIE - SINGLE PASS
S RECORD MOVIE - MULTIPASS
P TIME SERIES AT SINGLE POINT(S)
R: DIRECT SHUTTER CONTROL
C CLOSE SHUTTER
O OPEN SHUTTER
S SHUTTER CONTROL SIGNAL
T TIMING SIGNAL
W TIME SERIES OF MEAN INTENSITY IN WINDOWS
U: Particle Tracking
G START PARTICLE TRACKING - 511 PARTICLES
H START PARTICLE TRACKING - 4095 PARICLES
M MANUAL POSITIONING OF VTR
O PARTICLE STREAKS - DARK PARTICLES
INCREASE THRESHOLD
DECREASE THRESHOLD
DECREASE LENGTH OF TAIL
INCREASE LENGTH OF TAIL
E ERASE
I INITIALISE
O: OUTPUT LOOK UP TABLE
P TOGGLE POLARITY
P PARTICLE STREAKS - LIGHT PARTICLES
INCREASE THRESHOLD
DECREASE THRESHOLD
DECREASE LENGTH OF TAIL
INCREASE LENGTH OF TAIL
E ERASE
I INITIALISE
O: OUTPUT LOOK UP TABLE
P TOGGLE POLARITY
S: SET TRACKING PARAMETERS
B: BACKGROUND REMOVAL
A ALU operations with buffer
F Low pass filter average picture
M Mask region with buffer (logical AND)
N No background removal
P Polynomial fit to background
R Remove particles then low pass filter
U User supplied buffer background
D DISPLAY PARTICLE PATHS
E EXPT TITLE: DEFAULT VALUES
F BASE FILE NAME
I: FILTER TYPE
C General convolution filter
F Fast low pass convolution filter
N No filter
U User supplied preprocess subroutine
L: PARTICLE LOCATION
A Minimum average intensity excess
B: Background intensity evaluation
H Window height
L Lower intensity limit
U Upper intensity limit
W Window width
C Area/Volume centroid
D: Dynamic intensity calibration
C Use concentration mapping
I Use intensity mapping
N Do not use
E Ellipticity limit
M Upper limit on centroid mismatch
P Particle polarity
R Lower size limit
S Upper size limit
T Lower threshold
U Upper threshold
V Number of threshold levels
W Threshold type
X Minimum horizontal size
Y Minimum vertical size
Z Count particles in buffer
0 Suggest thresholds
M MAX NEW PATHS ERROR
N: NEW PARTICLE BEHAVIOUR
C Constant predicted velocity
F Formula for velocity
L Local velocity estimate
M Local velocity estimate with constant if too few particles
N Local velocity estimate with formula if too few particles
O Local velocity estimate with region dependent if too few particles
R Region-dependent predicted velocity
Z Zero predicted velocity
P: PRICING POLICY
B Enable background intensity pricing
C Premium if two intensity steps
D Premium if many intensity steps
E Premium if ellipticity exceeded
I Premium if faint particle
J New particle joining fee
M Maximum matching distance
P: Policy type
1 |(xi+a*ui*dt) - xj|
2 |(xi+a*ui*dt) - xj|2
R Premium if particle too small
S Premium if particle too large
U Weighting on previous velocity
V Weighting on previous acceleration
R: RECORD BACKGROUND REGION
B Record background intensity
E Exclude region inside contour
I Include region inside contour
N No region recording
R Record contour region particle in
T: TIMINGS
B Time to begin tracking
F Frame rate for source
I: Interlace filter
E Duplicate even interlace lines
N No filter
O Duplicate odd interlace lines
0 Average even interlace lines
1 Average odd interlace lines
R Rewind in background
S Sample spacing
T Total tracking time
V Video type
W WINDOW FOR TRACKING
Z LIMIT ON RMS ERROR FOR MAPPING
U START USER CUSTOMISED PARTICLE TRACKING
V: Video Tape Recorder Control
7:SHUTTLE SPEED
8:SHUT BACK
9:CONT FRAME ADV
4:REWIND
5:PLAY
6:FAST FORWARD
1:PAUSE
2:SHUT FORWARD
3:FIELD ADVANCE
0:STOP
C RESET COUNTER
D DELAY FOR A TIME
F FAST TAPE SEARCH USING LTC
N NOTE STATUS CHANGES IN FILE
R RECORD LINEAR TIME CODE DATA
T JUMP TO TIME USING LINEAR TIME CODE DATA
U JUMP TO TIME CODE USER BYTE PATTERN
V JUMP TO NEXT CHANGE IN TIME CODE USER BYTE PATTERN
G: GRAB SEQUENCE OF IMAGES
C GRAB CONSTANT SPACED SEQUENCE
D GRAB CONSTANT SPACED SEQUENCE WITH ALU
T GRAB FRAMES AT SPECIFIC TIMES
U GRAB FRAMES AT SPECIFIC TIMES WITH ALU
I INITIALISE VTR
J JUMP TO SPECIFIC TIME
O FIND NEXT POINT TRANSITION
R RECORD BUFFERS ON TAPE
S PUT LINEAR TIME CODE TRACK ON TAPE
T MOVE BY SPECIFIED TIME
V: TIME CODE AUDIO PULSES
A ADD TIME CODE PULSES TO TAPE
F FORGET TIME CODE OFFSET
X EXAMINE TIME CODE PULSES ON TAPE
Z SEND COMMAND TO VTR
Q RETURN TO PREVIOUS MENU
W QUIT MENU, PAUSING VTR
X RETURN TO PREVIOUS MENU, DISABLING VIDEO ROUTINES
Z: Take Input From File
F TAKE INPUT FROM A FILE
K TAKE INPUT FROM KEYBOARD
P SET COMMAND FILE SEARCH PATH
S SET DIGIMAGE REPLACEABLE STRING PARAMETER(S)
V SET DIGIMAGE VARIABLE VALUE(S)
W SET DEFAULT DIGIMAGE WINDOW
DigImage documentation page
DigImage home page
Stuart Dalziel's home page