Travelling Waves in Pipe Flow (courtesy of Chris Pringle)



Click here for an explanation of exactly what each video is showing.

Source

 

Symmetries

Remin

α*

         

FE03 & WK04

S2 S & R2 1358 1.55
  S3 S & R3 1251 2.44
  S4 S & R4 1647 3.23
  S5 S & R5 2485 4.11

WK04

S6 S & R6 2869 4.73
  U1 S & Ω1 3046 2.17
         

PK07

Asymmetric (S1) S ~820 ~1.8
  Mirror-symmetric (M1) S & Ω1 773 1.44
  Helical Ωβ 773 1.44
         

PDK09

M2 S, R2 & Ω2 1125 2.0
  M3 (upper) S, R3 & Ω3 1552 2.2
  M4 (upper) S, R4 & Ω4 1824 2.6
  M5 S, R5 & Ω5 2143 3.1
  M6 S, R6 & Ω6 2531 3.5
         
  N1 S, R1 & Ω1 1554 0.9
  N2 S, R2 & Ω2 1141 1.2
  N3 (upper) S, R3 & Ω3 1037 2.0
  N4 (upper) S, R4 & Ω4 1290 2.5
  N5 S, R5 & Ω5 1622 2.9
         
  Z2 Z & R2 3250 0.8
  D2 Z & R2 <2875 ?

FE03:          Faisst, H. & Eckhardt, B. ``Travelling waves in pipe flow.'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 224502,  2003.
WK04:       Wedin, H. & Kerswell, R.R. ``Exact coherent structures in pipe flow: travelling wave solutions.'' J. Fluid Mech.
508, 333-371, 2004.
PK07:         Pringle, C.C.T. & Kerswell, R.R. ``Asymmetric, helical and mirror-symmetric travelling waves in pipe flow.'' Phys. Rev. Lett.
99, 074502, 2007
PDK09:      Pringle, C.C.T., Duguet, Y. & Kerswell, R.R.
``Highly symmetric travelling waves in pipe flow'' Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 367, 457-472, 2009. (doi: 10.1095/rsta.2008.0236)