Travelling Waves in Pipe Flow (courtesy of Chris Pringle)
Click here for an explanation of exactly what each video is showing.
| Source | Symmetries | Remin | α* | |
| FE03 & WK04 | S2 | S & R2 | 1358 | 1.55 | 
| S3 | S & R3 | 1251 | 2.44 | |
| S4 | S & R4 | 1647 | 3.23 | |
| S5 | S & R5 | 2485 | 4.11 | |
| WK04 | S6 | S & R6 | 2869 | 4.73 | 
| U1 | S & Ω1 | 3046 | 2.17 | |
| PK07 | Asymmetric (S1) | S | ~820 | ~1.8 | 
| Mirror-symmetric (M1) | S & Ω1 | 773 | 1.44 | |
| Helical | Ωβ | 773 | 1.44 | |
| PDK09 | M2 | S, R2 & Ω2 | 1125 | 2.0 | 
| M3 (upper) | S, R3 & Ω3 | 1552 | 2.2 | |
| M4 (upper) | S, R4 & Ω4 | 1824 | 2.6 | |
| M5 | S, R5 & Ω5 | 2143 | 3.1 | |
| M6 | S, R6 & Ω6 | 2531 | 3.5 | |
| N1 | S, R1 & Ω1 | 1554 | 0.9 | |
| N2 | S, R2 & Ω2 | 1141 | 1.2 | |
| N3 (upper) | S, R3 & Ω3 | 1037 | 2.0 | |
| N4 (upper) | S, R4 & Ω4 | 1290 | 2.5 | |
| N5 | S, R5 & Ω5 | 1622 | 2.9 | |
| Z2 | Z & R2 | 3250 | 0.8 | |
| D2 | Z & R2 | <2875 | ? | 
FE03:          
Faisst, H. & Eckhardt, B. ``Travelling waves in pipe flow.'' Phys. Rev. Lett.
91, 224502,  
2003.
WK04:       Wedin, H. & Kerswell, R.R. ``Exact 
coherent structures in pipe flow: travelling wave solutions.'' J. Fluid Mech.
508, 333-371, 2004.
PK07:         Pringle, C.C.T. & Kerswell, 
R.R. ``Asymmetric, helical and mirror-symmetric travelling waves in pipe 
flow.'' Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 
074502, 2007
PDK09:      Pringle, C.C.T., Duguet, Y. & Kerswell, R.R.
``Highly symmetric 
travelling waves in pipe flow'' Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 367, 
457-472, 2009. (doi: 10.1095/rsta.2008.0236)