5  Is the plasma always collisionally excited by electrons ?


No, but for the lower solar corona the electron densities are such that collisional excitations by electrons is the dominant mechanism creating spectral lines. In the higher corona, photo-excitation becomes increasingly dominant, and the spectral lines become radiatively excited.

The diagnostics to be used in this case include doppler dimming techniques, but are not discussed here (see, e.g. Noci et al. 1987 for details).