1  Introduction


These lecture notes are a compilation of various material that I largely produced by myself, with some contributions from Helen Mason (DAMTP).

For further details, see e.g.: Mason and Monsignori Fossi (1994); my PhD Thesis, available on-line at:

http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/astro/gd232/astro.html

Del Zanna et al. (2002), and the CHIANTI user guides that I wrote, which can be found in the WWW pages, e.g.:

http://www.chianti.rl.ac.uk/

and, of course, all the references therein.